Recordings & Notes

Topics covered

7.4 Disproportionation reactions (halogens with cold/hot NaOH, H2O2-type examples, comproportionation), intermolecular vs intramolecular redox; 7.5 Balancing redox reactions: oxidation-number change method and ion-electron (half-reaction) method in acidic and basic medium (KMnO4/oxalate, BrO3-/NO3-, S2O3 disproportionation, As2O3 + HNO3 etc.), per-molecule net change

Topics covered

7.1 Classical idea of redox (oxygen/hydrogen/electronegative/electropositive element addition/removal); 7.2 Redox in terms of electron transfer; 7.3 Oxidation number: rules (free elements, ions, O in oxide/peroxide/superoxide/ozonide/OF2, H in hydrides, group 1/2/Al, F always -1), fractional oxidation numbers (C3O2, Na2S4O6, Br3O8), oxidation number in peroxy acids (H2SO5, H2S2O8), max/min oxidation states; oxidising and reducing agents (identification by max/min/intermediate O.S.); 7.4 Types of redox reactions: combination, decomposition, disproportionation, comproportionation, intermolecular vs intramolecular

Topics covered

15.1.3 Blood Groups (ABO system: antigens/agglutinogens A and B, antibodies anti-A/anti-B, Landsteiner, codominance, universal donor O and recipient AB, principle of transfusion; Rh factor: Rh antigen in Rhesus monkey/Landsteiner and Wiener, Rh+/Rh-, safe/unsafe transfusion, Rh incompatibility between mother and foetus, erythroblastosis foetalis/HDN, anti-Rh injection) - touches Class 12 Ch 5 inheritance concept of blood group alleles.

Topics covered

3.9 Projectile motion (inferred from DPP-6: angle between velocity and acceleration at highest point, range/max height/time of flight dependence on velocity & angle, complementary angles, trajectory equation, horizontal projection)

Topics covered

Empty folder - no files present (verified via parentId search; created 2026-09-21)

Topics covered

No NCERT subtopics evidenced. File is a doubt-class board scribble (a few annotations such as NaCl, amino-acid formula, time notes and a thank-you slide); no lecture material. Doubt session on the previous (Body Fluids and Circulation) topics only by sequence.

Topics covered

Module-discussion (topic-wise question practice): quantum numbers (n, l, m, ml/spin; allowed values, n+l+m), shells/subshells/orbitals and electron capacity, hydrogen spectral series (Paschen, infrared), Bohr energy/ionisation energy of H-like species and photon energy for transitions (e.g. E1 -> E2, 12.1 eV), electron configuration/period lengths (periods 1-7 and hypothetical period 8, element 119), magnetic moment of Mn ions (spin-only BM)

Topics covered

3.9 Projectile motion: relative velocity in oblique projectile & collision of projectiles; 3.5-3.6/Ch2 2.5 Relative velocity in 2D: river-boat problems (upstream/downstream, shortest time, shortest path/minimum drift, drift), escalator problem, rain-man problem (umbrella angle), relative velocity of boat/swimmer/ball

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (plus DPP2 'Live27_M_Phase' in same folder): 10.2 M Phase - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (10.2.1-10.2.4), kinetochore, aster, mitotic apparatus, metaphase plate, chromosome types in anaphase, possibly 10.2.5 Cytokinesis

Topics covered

15.1 Blood (specialised connective tissue, pH 7.4, plasma 55% and formed elements 45%); 15.1.1 Plasma (90-92% water, plasma proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin; BCOP; inorganic/organic constituents); 15.1.2 Formed Elements: RBC (erythropoiesis, biconcave, enucleate, 120-day life, destruction in spleen, count), WBC (granulocytes: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil; agranulocytes: lymphocyte (B and T) and monocyte; TLC and DLC), platelets (megakaryocytes, clotting, serotonin, dengue/chikungunya).

Topics covered

2.5 Quantum mechanical model: Heisenberg uncertainty principle (dx.dp>=h/4pi, uncertainty in velocity/position problems, % accuracy), de Broglie hypothesis and Davisson-Germer verification, relation of uncertainty to wavelength/time; wave function psi, radial wave function psi(r) vs r, radial probability distribution function (RPDF) graphs, radial nodes (n-l-1), peaks (n-l) for s/p/d/f orbitals

Topics covered

3.9 Projectile motion: oblique projectile (angle of projection, range, max height, time of flight, trajectory equation, maximum range at 45 deg), horizontal projectile (bomb drop, ball from building/ cliff), motion in a plane with constant acceleration (3.8), components of velocity

Topics covered

Introduction to cell cycle and division: cell growth vs division, mitosis (equational) and meiosis (reductional), why a cell divides (nucleo-cytoplasmic/karyoplasmic index, surface area-volume ratio), 10.1 Cell Cycle (interphase and M phase, 10.1.1 phases G1, S, G2, quiescent G0 stage), duration of cell cycle (human 24 h, yeast 90 min)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (Introduction, with the next folder's file titled Introduction PT 2 / Body Fluids and Circulation Lecture 02): likely 15 Introduction to body fluids and circulation and the start of 15.1 Blood (blood as fluid connective tissue). The only DPP in the folder is unrelated (see Notes).

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP-4_Atomic_Structure_L4 in same folder): 2.4 Bohr model limitations (Zeeman/Stark effect, multi-electron atoms), hydrogen spectral series (Lyman/Paschen shortest wavelength ratio, number of spectral lines n=5 to n=2, visible lines), 2.5.1 de Broglie wavelength (lambda=h/mv, relation to Bohr orbits 2*pi*r=n*lambda, for charged particles accelerated through potential difference, KE ratios), equivalent transitions in He+

Topics covered

2.4 Bohr's model of hydrogen atom: radius of nth orbit (0.529 n^2/Z A), velocity (2.18x10^6 Z/n m/s), total/kinetic/potential energy (-13.6 Z^2/n^2 eV, E=-KE=PE/2), energy difference between levels, frequency and time period of revolution, ionisation/excitation/separation energy; 2.4.? hydrogen spectrum: emission vs absorption vs continuous spectra, line spectrum, Lyman/Balmer/Paschen/Brackett/Pfund/Humphreys series (regions), Rydberg formula, longest/shortest wavelength lines, number of spectral lines (n(n-1)/2)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename plus the folder's DPP ('1.0 live30.pdf' = Regulation of Breathing and disorders): 14.4.2 Transport of CO2 (bicarbonate formation at tissues/reversal at alveoli, carbonic anhydrase), 14.5 Regulation of Respiration (respiratory rhythm centre in medulla: DRG/VRG, pneumotaxic centre in pons, chemosensitive area, Hering-Breuer reflex), 14.6 Disorders of Respiratory System (asthma, emphysema/occupational disorders such as silicosis/fibrosis, hiccups).

Topics covered

3.9 Projectile motion (inferred from DPP-3 text: maximum range of a gun, horizontal projection from aeroplane/table/tower, time of flight, horizontal range, path seen by different observers, simultaneous fall of dropped and horizontally fired bullets)

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP2_Atomic_Structure in same folder): 2.3 Dual nature of EM radiation: Planck's quantum theory (E=h nu, quantisation), photoelectric effect (threshold frequency, work function, stopping potential, kinetic energy of photoelectrons), photon energy/wavelength problems; Bohr orbit radius question (He+ vs Li2+)

Topics covered

5.3 The Leaf (phyllotaxy, parts of leaf, stipules, simple vs compound pinnate/palmate, 5.3.1 Venation, leaf modifications - spines, tendrils, fleshy leaves); 5.4 The Inflorescence (racemose, cymose; solitary flower); 5.5 The Flower: parts, complete/incomplete, bisexual/unisexual, merosity (tri-/tetra-/pentamerous), bracteate, symmetry (actinomorphic/zygomorphic) - through start of 5.5.1 Parts of a Flower

Topics covered

3.9 Projectile motion: coordinates of top-most point, relation between range/max height (R=4H cot theta), equation of trajectory, time for velocity direction change, maximum area sprinkled, product/sum of times of flight at complementary angles; horizontal projectile (displacement/velocity vectors, time of flight, range, drop of balls from same height); oblique projection from a height (above/below horizontal)

Topics covered

5.1 The Root (regions, tap vs adventitious/fibrous, modifications: storage, pneumatophores, root nodules, stilt and prop roots); 5.2 The Stem (forms, buds, tendrils, thorns, underground modifications: tuber/rhizome/corm/bulb, phylloclade); 5.3 The Leaf (phyllotaxy, parts of leaf, petiole, stipules, pulvinus, leaf base) - PDF cut off at leaf rachis

Topics covered

2.1 Discovery of sub-atomic particles: specific charge (e/m) of electron, proton, neutron, alpha particle, cathode ray and anode (canal) ray properties; 2.2 Atomic models: Rutherford nuclear model, nuclear radius and density, atomic number/mass number, isotopes, isobars, isotones, isosters (isodiaphers); 2.3 Wave nature of light: wavelength, frequency, time period, wave number, amplitude, velocity (c=nu*lambda), electromagnetic radiation and spectrum (radio to cosmic rays), wave theory limitations (black body radiation, photoelectric effect, line spectra)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename plus the folder's DPP ('1.0 live29.pdf' = O2 Dissociation Curve and Bohr's effect): 14.4.1 Transport of Oxygen (oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve: sigmoid, rightward/leftward shift, Bohr effect, effect of pO2, pCO2, H+/pH, temperature, 2,3-DPG) and recap of 14.4.2 Transport of CO2 (bicarbonate, carbamino compounds, dissolved).

Topics covered

Ch 2 revision: free fall under gravity MCQs (ratio of distances in successive seconds, motion from balloon, v-t/a-t graphs, v-x graph, bouncing ball), average speed; Ch 3 3.9 Projectile motion: velocity and position vector at time t, time of flight, maximum height, horizontal range, maximum range (45 deg), complementary angles, R=4H cot theta, top-most-point velocity, change in velocity

Topics covered

3.4 Gymnosperms (full: occurrence, roots, stem, leaf, sporophylls, cones, life cycle, Cycas vs Pinus, pollination, polyembryony, Gnetum); comparison gymnosperm vs angiosperm; comparison of life cycle across land plants (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm gametophyte/sporophyte); 3.5 Angiosperms (intro)

Topics covered

1.7 Reactions in solutions - concentration terms: ppm (parts per million), molarity, normality (n-factor, N=M x n-factor), molality, mole fraction, % w/w; mixing of acid/base solutions (neutralisation, residual [H+]), dilution, mixing of solutions of same solute, converting between molarity/molality using density, molarity of pure water (55.5 M), common-ion concentration after mixing KCl+BaCl2

Topics covered

14.3 Exchange of Gases (diffusion membrane: squamous epithelium, endothelium, basement substance; why exchange occurs only at alveoli); 14.4 Transport of Gases; 14.4.1 Transport of Oxygen (97% as oxyhaemoglobin, 3% dissolved, haemoglobin structure alpha/beta chains, heme, Fe2+, 1.34 mL O2 per g Hb, 20 mL per 100 mL blood, 25% utilisation, cardiac output cases); start of 14.4.2 Transport of Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate about 70%, carbamino-haemoglobin 20-25%, dissolved 7%, carboxyhaemoglobin and CO poisoning).

Topics covered

Ch 2: conversion between x-t, v-t, a-t graphs (rest, uniform, uniform acceleration), calculus-based kinematics (a=bt, dv/dt=k-cv), relative/successive-second distances in free fall, average speed, slope of displacement-time graph, balls thrown at intervals, equations of motion on incline; Ch 3: 2D motion as two independent 1D motions, position/velocity/acceleration vectors in 2D, trajectory from x(t),y(t) (circle, ellipse, parabola), introduction to projectile motion (ground-to-ground, horizontal, from height), KE variation in projectile

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophytes recap (post-fertilisation, sporophyte, life cycle, ecological importance); 3.3 Pteridophytes (full: habit, dimorphic leaves, homospory/heterospory, prothallus, 4 classes); intro to seed plants; 3.4 Gymnosperms (occurrence, coralloid roots/mycorrhiza, stem, leaf adaptations, sporophylls, cones, Cycas vs Pinus, male/female gametophyte, pollination, polyembryony, siphonogamy)

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP-5 in same folder): 1.7 Stoichiometry: gaseous hydrocarbon combustion (eudiometry), limiting reagent/excess reagent, percentage yield and purity, reactions in solutions - molarity (dilution, mixing), molality, mole fraction, % w/V, temperature dependence of concentration terms

Topics covered

14.2.1 Respiratory Volumes and Capacities (recap diagram: TV, IRV, ERV, RV, TLC); 14.3 Exchange of Gases (alveoli and blood-tissue exchange by simple diffusion, partial pressure pO2/pCO2, factors affecting diffusion: partial pressure gradient, solubility (CO2 20-25 times O2), thickness of diffusion membrane; pO2/pCO2 values in alveoli, deoxygenated and oxygenated blood; diffusion membrane layers; physiological shunt).

Topics covered

2.4 Vertical projection from ground (time of flight, maximum height, time to reach height h twice), free fall problems (balloon, rocket, dropping from tower), meeting of two bodies, calculus/graphical approach: slope and area of x-t, v-t, a-t graphs, displacement vs distance from graphs, average velocity/acceleration from graphs, conversion of graphs

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophyta, 3.3 Pteridophyta, 3.4 Gymnosperms

Topics covered

1.5/1.8 Empirical and molecular formula from percentage composition/combustion data; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations: balanced equations, mole method, Type I (single reactant) problems (decomposition of CaCO3, NH3, BaCO3, butane combustion), Type II (multiple reactants), limiting reagent and excess reagent, volume-based gas reactions (Gay-Lussac)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename (03 = lecture 03) plus the folder's DPP (Zoology_Respiration_Live25_DPP1 = Mechanism of Breathing): 14.2 Mechanism of Breathing (pathway to alveoli, pleura and pleural fluid, Boyle's law and partial pressure, alveoli with Type I/II pneumocytes and surfactant/lecithin, diaphragm, external/internal intercostal muscles, inspiration and expiration, pulmonary pressure gradient, breathing rate, spirometer, steps of respiration).

Topics covered

2.4 Motion under gravity / vertical projection (inferred from DPP-7: ball projected up and heights reached at two times, equal fall time for different masses, balloon problems, ratio of distances in successive seconds, return velocity, symmetric times at same height)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from the folder's DPP (Zoology_Respiration_Live24_DPP1 = Human Respiratory System): 14.1 Respiratory Organs (revision of organs in animal groups), 14.1.1 Human Respiratory System (external nostrils/dirhinous, nasal chamber, pharynx, larynx/sound box, vocal cords, epiglottis, trachea and primary bronchus at T5, bronchial tree to terminal bronchioles, lungs: lobes and cardiac notch, endodermal origin, pleura).

Topics covered

1.5-1.7 Mole concept and molar mass: moles from mass/volume/number, Avogadro number, moles of atoms vs molecules vs ions, STP/NTP molar volume, gas density and vapour density, amu and relative atomic mass, atoms/electrons/neutrons in a given amount of substance (e.g. PO4^3-, D2O, CuSO4.5H2O, Mohr's salt, aspirin), 1.7 percentage composition, empirical formula vs molecular formula (relation M.F.=n x E.F.), minimum molecular weight from % of an element

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP-2 in same folder): 1.3-1.4 Measurement/uncertainty: significant figures; laws of chemical combination (conservation of mass, constant and multiple proportions); atomic mass/average atomic mass (isotopes); mole concept (number of atoms/electrons in given mass, volume at STP, vapour density, molar mass from density)

Topics covered

14 Introduction (breathing vs respiration, steps of respiration, O2 as final electron acceptor, aerobic/anaerobic); 14.1 Respiratory Organs (respiratory organs across phyla: body surface in sponges/coelenterates/flatworms, moist cuticle in earthworm, gills in prawn, book gills, book lungs, tracheal system and spiracles in cockroach, ctenidia in molluscs, gills in fishes, cutaneous/buccopharyngeal/pulmonary respiration in frog, lungs in reptiles/birds/mammals; phylum-wise table); 14.1.1 Human Respiratory System (started: nostrils/dirhinous, nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea with PSCCGE).

Topics covered

2.4 Free fall / motion under gravity (inferred from DPP-6: stone from descending balloon, ball bounce and average acceleration, two bodies meeting, ratio of distances in successive seconds, distance in nth second, maximum height)

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophytes recap (sporophyte, capsule, elaters, peristome, gemma, protonema, ecological importance); 3.3 Pteridophytes: occurrence, sporophyte habit (root, stem, leaf, fronds, sporophylls), microphyllous vs macrophyllous, strobilus/sorus, homospory vs heterospory (Selaginella, Salvinia, Azolla, Marsilea), prothallus, fertilisation, classes (Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Pteropsida)

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP 01 in same folder): 1.1-1.2 Importance of chemistry, nature of matter: states of matter, elements, compounds and mixtures (homogeneous/heterogeneous), pure substances, mole concept intro (a mole of an element/compound, atom vs molecule)

Topics covered

7.1 Organ and Organ System - Connective tissue (cont.): cell types recap (fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell), loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose: white/brown fat, mono/multilocular), dense connective tissue (regular: tendons and ligaments; irregular: skin, capsules, periosteum), skeletal connective tissue: cartilage (chondroblast/chondrocyte/lacuna, hyaline, elastic, white fibrous cartilage and examples), bone (osteoblast/osteocyte/osteoclast, Haversian system, Volkmann canal, periosteum, bone marrow, epiphyseal plate); fluid connective tissue named (blood, lymph).

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophytes (Liverworts, Mosses), 3.3 Pteridophytes

Topics covered

Motion in 1D, part 5 - practice-question session (subtopics inferred from filename; no text)

Topics covered

Folder is empty - no files

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename plus the folder's DPP ('live 20.pdf' = Epithelial Tissue DPP-2, which lists its coverage). Likely: 7.1 Organ and Organ System - Epithelial tissue continued: ciliated, stereociliated and glandular columnar epithelium, goblet cells, pseudostratified ciliated columnar glandular epithelium (PSCCGE), compound/stratified epithelium (keratinised and non-keratinised squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional/urothelium, RUUP), gland origin from germ layers (exocrine/endocrine, pancreas).

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophytes: post-fertilisation events and sporophyte (Marchantia, Funaria, capsule/seta/foot, elaters, peristome), 3.2.1 Liverworts, 3.2.2 Mosses (protonema, gemma, vegetative reproduction), life cycle, ecological importance (peat/Sphagnum, soil erosion, lithosere pioneers); start of 3.3 Pteridophytes (characters, habitat, habit, root/stem/leaf)

Topics covered

2.2-2.4 Calculus-based kinematics (speed from x(t), v=a sqrt(x), rate of change of speed = a.v/|v|, v-x relation), bird-and-train problem, constant-retardation (bullet through planks), kinematic equations with displacement in n-th second, reaction time and braking distance, v^2-s graph, minimum time with max acceleration and retardation

Topics covered

3.6.4 Electronegativity: factors (Zeff, size, oxidation state/charge), scales - Pauling (bond energy, XA-XB=0.208 sqrt(delta), values for H, Li..F, Na..Cl), Mulliken (average of IE and EA; XM=2.8 XP), IE/EA relations for compounds; applications: metallic/non-metallic nature, acidic/basic nature of hydrides (group 15,16,17 vs s-block) and of oxides (acidic, basic, neutral, amphoteric)

Topics covered

7.1 Organ and Organ System - Epithelial tissue, simple epithelium: simple squamous (pavement/tesselated; BAPPE: blood vessels, alveoli, pleura, podocytes, endocardium; pericardium/endometrium layers), simple cuboidal (germinal epithelium of testis/ovary, glands, pancreas acini and islets/insulin-glucagon, thyroid follicles, nephron PCT/DCT/loop of Henle/collecting duct), simple columnar (stomach and intestine, nucleus at base).

Topics covered

3.2 Bryophytes: general characters of land plants, classification (Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, Bryopsida), occurrence ('amphibians of plant kingdom'), gametophyte structure (rhizoids, axis, leaves), sex organs (antheridium, archegonium), sexual reproduction steps (gamete formation, transfer, syngamy, zygote/embryo formation)

Topics covered

Ch 2: distance vs displacement (circular path, multi-leg paths, 3D displacement), average speed (equal-distance/time legs), average velocity, acceleration (positive/negative/average, circular motion), calculus application (v=dx/dt, a=dv/dt, a=v dv/dx), equations of motion, distance in nth second; Ch 1 vernier calipers least-count problem (single question)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename plus the folder's DPP (Epithelial Tissue L02 DPP-1). Likely: 7.1 Organ and Organ System - Epithelial tissue: general features, basement membrane, free-surface modifications (microvilli, cilia, stereocilia), cell junctions (tight, adhering, gap), embryonic origin of epithelium, simple vs compound epithelium, start of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium, pneumocytes, podocytes).

Topics covered

3.6.3 Electron gain enthalpy: factors (half/full-filled stability, penetration effect s>p>d>f), period and group trends, EA of 3rd vs 2nd period; relation between IE and EA (EA of atom = IE of anion; IE of atom = EA of cation; IE > EA); 3.6.4 Electronegativity: definition, factors (Zeff, atomic size, charge/oxidation state), group trends (group 1, 13, 17), exceptions Cu<Ag<Au, Zn<Cd<Hg

Topics covered

3.1 Algae complete: classes, occurrence, morphology, cell wall, hydrocolloids, pigments, reserve food, flagellation, asexual reproduction (zoospores), sexual reproduction (isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy; examples Spirogyra, Volvox, Chara, Fucus, Porphyra, Polysiphonia), importance of algae (CO2 fixation, food, SCP, phycocolloids); characters common to all land plants

Topics covered

2.2 Distance/displacement, speed vs velocity, average speed & average velocity (equal-time and equal-distance cases), 2.3 Acceleration (average, positive/negative), instantaneous velocity/acceleration via calculus, 2.4 Kinematic equations of motion (v=u+at, s=ut+1/2at^2, v^2=u^2+2as, s_nth), average acceleration for circular motion

Topics covered

Systems of classification (artificial, natural, phylogenetic), branches of taxonomy, plant groups; 3.1 Algae: classes (Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae), occurrence, morphology (Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Chara, kelps, Fucus, Laminaria, Porphyra, Polysiphonia), cell wall and hydrocolloids (algin, agar, carrageen), pigments, reserve food, flagellation, asexual reproduction (zoospores, fragmentation)

Topics covered

Ch 2 intro: types of motion (1D/2D/3D), rest and motion, frame of reference, scalars vs vectors, distance vs displacement; Ch 1 revision slides at the start: error in g from pendulum (percentage error, least count), dimensional analysis (T from L,g; G, h), vernier calliper least count

Topics covered

3.6.2 Ionization enthalpy revision/PYQs (3rd period IE order, second IE of Na vs Mg, metallic character), stability of oxidation states from successive IE gaps (>=16 eV lower state stable; <=11 eV higher state), valence electrons from IE jump; 3.6.3 Electron gain enthalpy / electron affinity: definition, endothermic for group 2, group 18 and N, successive EA (2nd always endothermic, O2- formation), factors (Zeff, size, half/full-filled stability), 2nd-period order Ne<Be<N<B<Li<C<O<F

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename plus the folder's DPP (Tissues: An Introduction DPP-1). Likely: 7.1 Organ and Organ System - introduction to animal tissues (cell-tissue-organ-organ system, histology, tissue origin from germ layers/blastomeres/zygote totipotency, Hydra as first tissue-level organisation, four basic tissue types, epithelium: meaning of epi-thelium and first tissue to develop).

Topics covered

2.6 Lichens (phycobiont/mycobiont, bioindicators, pioneers in lithosere); Plant Kingdom intro: cyanobacteria not algae, systems of classification (artificial: Linnaeus sexual system; natural: Bentham & Hooker; phylogenetic: Engler & Prantl, Hutchinson), branches of taxonomy (classical, numerical, cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy), plant groups (Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms), 3.1 Algae intro (green/brown/red; classification characters)

Topics covered

1.2-1.3 Measurement instruments and errors (inferred from DPP-6: vernier calliper least count and zero error, screw gauge pitch/least count/zero error, angular vernier, error propagation in surface area and diode current, unit change when length and force quadrupled, dimensional check of an integral)

Topics covered

8.5.10 Nucleus - chromosome section only: primary constriction/centromere, kinetochore, secondary constriction/NOR, satellite, telomere (TTAGGG, telomerase); types of chromosome by centromere position (metacentric, sub-metacentric, acrocentric, telocentric; V/L/J/I shapes); karyotype and idiogram (amniocentesis link); polytene and lampbrush chromosomes; NCERT 8.5.10 text, chapter summary and NCERT exercises 1-14.

Topics covered

3.6.2 Ionization enthalpy: penetration effect (Be/B, Mg/Al, Zn/Ga, Cd/In), trends across period (IE1 and IE2 orders for 2nd and 3rd period, max IE of He), down groups (s-block, group 16-18), group 13 anomaly (Al<Ga, In<Tl, B>Tl>Ga>Al>In) due to d- and f- poor shielding, group 14/15 trends, lanthanide contraction effect (Hf>Zr, 5d>4d), applications: metallic/non-metallic character, reactivity of metals, stability of oxidation state (IE gap)

Topics covered

2.4 Kingdom Plantae (features, alternation of generations, insectivorous plants: Dionaea/Drosera/Nepenthes/Utricularia, parasitic plants: Cuscuta/Rafflesia/Loranthus/Santalum); 2.5 Kingdom Animalia (heterotrophic, multicellular); 2.6 Viruses, Viroids, Prions (Beijerinck, Iwanowsky, Stanley TMV crystallisation, virion, capsid/capsomeres, TMV, bacteriophage, viroids, virusoids, prions/BSE/CJD)

Topics covered

Units and Dimensions (continued)

Topics covered

3.2 Genesis of periodic classification - Mendeleev's periodic table (characteristics, series/groups, A and B subgroups, merits: prediction of eka-aluminium/eka-silicon/eka-boron, correction of atomic weights; demerits: position of hydrogen, isotopes, anomalous pairs Ar-K, Te-I, Co-Ni, like elements apart (Pt/Au) and unlike elements together (Cu, Ag, Au with alkali metals)); 3.6.2 Ionization enthalpy factors (period/group trends, ions, half-filled/full-filled stability, N vs O, P vs S)

Topics covered

8.5.10 Nucleus (nuclear envelope, pore, nucleoplasm, chromatin: euchromatin vs heterochromatin, Flemming; nucleolus and rRNA/ribosome formation); chromosome (centromere/primary constriction, kinetochore, secondary constriction/NOR, satellite/SAT chromosome, telomere; types by centromere: metacentric, sub-metacentric, acrocentric, telocentric); karyotype and idiogram; special chromosomes (polytene/Balbiani rings, lampbrush); NCERT 8.5.10 text, Chapter 8 summary and NCERT exercises 1-14.

Topics covered

3.6.2 Ionization enthalpy: definition, gaseous isolated atom, endothermic, units; successive ionization enthalpies (IE1<IE2<IE3); factors (Zeff/nuclear charge, atomic size, charge on ion, isoelectronic species, half-filled/fully-filled stability, penetration effect s>p>d>f); IE of Be vs B, Mg vs Al, N vs O anomalies; finish of atomic-radius PYQ set (Q3-Q9)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (10 = lecture 10) plus the DPP in the folder (titled BOTANY Cell DPP-2: chloroplast/grana/thylakoids, ribosomes 80S/70S, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella 9+2 axoneme, radial spoke, basal body, centriole 9 triplets). Likely: 8.5.6 Ribosomes, 8.5.7 Cytoskeleton, 8.5.8 Cilia and Flagella, 8.5.9 Centrosome and Centrioles (some plastid revision).

Topics covered

2.3 Kingdom Fungi complete: features, lichen/mycorrhiza, mycelium, asexual/vegetative/sexual reproduction, plasmogamy types, 2.3.1 Phycomycetes, 2.3.2 Ascomycetes (Neurospora, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, Claviceps, ascocarp), 2.3.3 Basidiomycetes (Agaricus, Puccinia, Ustilago, basidiocarp), 2.3.4 Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Colletotrichum)

Topics covered

1.4-1.6 Dimensional formulae & analysis: principle of homogeneity, checking consistency of equations, deriving relations (pendulum period, critical velocity), changing units, limitations of dimensional analysis; 1.3 Significant figures: rules for counting, rounding off, arithmetic with significant figures (add/sub, mult/div)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (09 = lecture 09); no DPP in folder. By sequence (Lecture 08 mitochondria/plastids, Lecture 10 cytoskeleton and cilia per Live 13's DPP) likely: 8.5.5 Plastids (chloroplast structure, grana, stroma, thylakoids) and/or 8.5.6 Ribosomes.

Topics covered

3.6.1 Atomic/ionic radii continued: radius order practice, f-block (lanthanide) ionic and atomic radii, lanthanide contraction (poor shielding of 4f electrons), transition (d-block) contraction (Al~Ga, In~Tl), s-block and p-block group trends of size, radius comparison of cations/anions/isoelectronic species, 4d vs 5d (Pd/Pt/Ni)

Topics covered

2.3 Kingdom Fungi: features vs Monera, lichen and mycorrhiza, nutrition, hyphae/mycelium, reproduction (asexual spores, vegetative, sexual: gametangia, plasmogamy, karyogamy, dikaryon phase, types of plasmogamy), 2.3.1 Phycomycetes (Oomycetes, Zygomycetes: Albugo, Phytophthora, Mucor, Rhizopus), intro to 2.3.2 Ascomycetes and 2.3.3 Basidiomycetes (septal pores, dikaryon)

Topics covered

Vectors (continued, part 4)

Topics covered

3.6.1 Atomic radius (van der Waals > metallic > covalent), cationic radius vs atom, anionic radius vs atom, isoelectronic species radii order (S2->Cl->K+>Ca2+; N3- to Al3+), atomic radius trend in period and group, d-block (3d series) radii trend Sc to Zn and metallic radius anomaly at Mn, Zeff and charge

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (08 = lecture 08) plus DPP 11 in the folder (vacuole, mitochondria structure/cristae/matrix/70S ribosomes, plastids: chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast: amyloplast, elaioplast, aleuroplast, quantasomes, endosymbiont origin). Likely: 8.5.4 Mitochondria (continued) and 8.5.5 Plastids.

Topics covered

2.3 Kingdom Fungi: common features vs Monera, occurrence, symbiotic associations (lichens, mycorrhiza), importance, heterotrophic nutrition (saprotroph/parasite), mycelium/hyphae (septate, aseptate coenocytic), cell wall chitin; asexual reproduction (fission, budding, zoospores, conidia, sporangiospores), vegetative reproduction; start of sexual reproduction

Topics covered

3.6.1 Trends in physical properties - Atomic radius: Zeff and Slater's rule recap, single-bond covalent radius, metallic radius, van der Waals radius (heteroatomic dc relation); trends in radius across period/group; ionic radii and PYQs (isoelectronic species, ionic radius order, group 13 radii anomaly)

Topics covered

8.5.3 Endomembrane System (NCERT text for ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles); 8.5.3.3 Lysosomes (acid hydrolases, pH 5, primary/secondary lysosome, heterophagy, autophagy, autolysis/suicide bags, metamorphosis); 8.5.3.4 Vacuoles (tonoplast, sap, contractile and food vacuole); 8.5.4 Mitochondria (started: double membrane, oxidative phosphorylation, semi-autonomous, number, size/shape, Janus green B).

Topics covered

2.2 Kingdom Protista (characters, trophic grouping); 2.2.1 Chrysophytes (diatoms, diatomaceous earth, auxospores); 2.2.2 Dinoflagellates (red tide, Gonyaulax); 2.2.3 Euglenoids (pellicle, paramylum, mixotrophy, Euglena); 2.2.4 Slime Moulds (plasmodium, fruiting bodies); 2.2.5 Protozoans (amoeboid, flagellated, ciliated, sporozoans; radiolarian and foraminiferan ooze)

Topics covered

Vectors - resultant of two vectors / vector addition (inferred from DPP Vectors-4 questions: resultant perpendicular to a vector, max/min resultant, angle between vectors, adding vectors to get unit vector)

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (06 = lecture 06) plus DPP 9 in the folder (all questions on endoplasmic reticulum). Likely: 8.5.3 Endomembrane System intro, 8.5.3.1 Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER, SER, cisternae/tubules, luminal vs extraluminal, steroid hormone and lipid synthesis, ribophorins, sarcoplasmic reticulum) and probably 8.5.3.2 Golgi apparatus start.

Topics covered

3.3 Nomenclature of elements Z>100 (IUPAC roots, symbols, e.g. Unununnium, element 119); 3.6 Periodic trends: periodicity and causes (magic numbers 2,8,8,18,18,32), nuclear charge, shielding/screening effect, effective nuclear charge Zeff and Slater's rules (across period and down group, ions, isoelectronic species); start of atomic radius (covalent, metallic, van der Waals radius); electronic configuration of Cr, Cu, Pd, La, Ac, Gd, elements-per-period counting

Topics covered

2.1.2 Eubacteria (cyanobacteria: heterocyst, nitrogen fixation, pigments, biofertiliser, symbiosis with Anthoceros/Azolla/Cycas); bacterial reproduction (binary fission, spore formation, gene transfer: transformation/transduction/conjugation); Mycoplasma and other exceptions (Actinomycetes, Rickettsia, Chlamydia); 2.2 Kingdom Protista (general characters, trophic grouping); 2.2.1 Chrysophytes intro, 2.2.2 Dinoflagellates and 2.2.3 Euglenoids intro

Topics covered

3.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors (inferred from DPP Vectors-3: resultant of two forces at various angles, magnitude/direction of A+B, change in velocity, unit vectors sum/difference, maximum and minimum resultant, vector sum in 3D)

Topics covered

2.5 Quantum numbers practice (energy defined by n and l, highest energy electron in H atom, degenerate orbitals, allowed sets), 2.6 Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity, Pauli exclusion principle (orbital diagrams), n+l counting problems

Topics covered

8.5.1 Cell Membrane (continued): extrinsic/peripheral vs intrinsic/integral proteins, membrane carbohydrates (glycoprotein/glycolipid, cell recognition), flip-flop vs lateral movement, transport of molecules (passive: simple and facilitated diffusion, osmosis, aquaporins; active: Na+/K+ pump), endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis), NCERT text 8.5.1; 8.5.3 Endomembrane System introduction (ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, RER/SER, cis/trans face); opening MCQ revision of 8.2, 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.5.2 (cell wall, plasmodesmata, plasmids, polysome).

Topics covered

3.2-3.3 Scalars/vectors, unit vectors, components, magnitude, direction cosines, position & displacement vector, 3.4 Addition of vectors (triangle law, parallelogram law, polygon law, resultant magnitude and direction for angle theta, special cases), 3.5-3.6 Resolution of vectors / analytical addition; vector addition/subtraction of components

Topics covered

2.1 Kingdom Monera (occurrence, abundance, shapes: bacillus/coccus/vibrio/spirillum, metabolism and nutrition modes - photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, heterotroph, respiration types, ecological roles, pathogenic bacteria, anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrification); 2.1.1 Archaebacteria (methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles, pseudomurein, biochemical comparison with Eubacteria); 2.1.2 Eubacteria intro (peptidoglycan, cyanobacteria/Myxophyceae)

Topics covered

2.5 Quantum numbers (practice: max electrons for given n,l,m,s; orbital angular momentum for 2s/2p; electrons with l=1/l=2 in Cr), orbital energy on hydrogen (n+l rule), magnetic quantum number values and shapes of s, p, d orbitals, spin quantum number and spin angular momentum, 2.6 Electronic configuration rules: Aufbau principle, exceptions (half/full-filled stability Cr, Cu)

Topics covered

8.5.1 Cell Membrane: properties (thin, quasi-fluid, selectively permeable), chemical composition (protein/lipid/carbohydrate; human RBC membrane 52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate), phospholipid structure (amphipathic head/tail), bilayer, Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model, cholesterol and hopanoids, fluidity and its significance (growth, division, endo/exocytosis, intercellular junctions). Starts 8.5 Eukaryotic Cells.

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename and DPP 2: 2.1 Kingdom Monera (bacteria structure, shapes, nutrition modes, Archaebacteria 2.1.1, Eubacteria 2.1.2, cyanobacteria, reproduction, endospores)

Topics covered

3.2 Scalars and vectors (current and pressure as scalars), types of vectors (equal, parallel, antiparallel, collinear, coplanar, null, negative, polar, axial), unit vector, position vector, direction cosines (2D and 3D), vector of given magnitude in direction of another

Topics covered

Content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (plus DPP 4 in the same folder, which tests prokaryotic cell envelope/glycocalyx, ribosomes, plant cell wall layers, plasma membrane composition in RBC, ER). Likely: 8.4.2 Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies (prokaryotic), 8.5 Eukaryotic Cells intro, 8.5.2 Cell Wall (primary/secondary wall, middle lamella, plasmodesmata); possibly 8.5.1 Cell Membrane start.

Topics covered

2.4.2/2.5 Heisenberg uncertainty principle; atomic orbitals, nodes; quantum numbers n, l, m, s (allowed values, shell/subshell/orbital capacity 2n^2, n^2, 2(2l+1)); orbital angular momentum; energy of subshells (n+l rule, single vs multi-electron species); Aufbau, Pauli, Hund (intro questions); orbital shapes

Topics covered

Early classification (use-based, Aristotle, Linnaeus 2 kingdoms); Haeckel 3 and Copeland 4 kingdoms; limitations of 2 kingdoms; Whittaker 5 kingdom system and its criteria (cell type, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction, phylogeny); 6 kingdoms and 3 domains (Carl Woese, 16S rRNA, Archaebacteria); Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia basis

Topics covered

Straight line y=mx+c, slope and area from graphs, parabola and rectangular hyperbola (y~x^2, y~1/x), shape diagnostics of curves, equation-to-graph translation (F=ma, centripetal force, de Broglie), sine/cos and exponential graphs, maxima-minima with first and second derivative

Topics covered

3.4 Electronic configuration and types of elements: s-, p-, d- and f-block (general configurations ns1-2, ns2np1-6, (n-1)d1-10 ns0-2, (n-2)f1-14), 3d/4d/5d/6d series configurations and exceptions (Cr, Cu, Pd), lanthanide/actinide series, identification of block/period/group from configuration or atomic number (Z=101, 104), 3.3 nomenclature of elements Z>100 (IUPAC roots nil, un, bi...), representative elements; PYQ practice

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP 6 / PYQs file in same folder): revision of nomenclature rules, taxonomic hierarchy, taxon vs category, mango/cat classification examples (1.2 Taxonomic Categories)

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP 3 in same folder): 3.3 Modern periodic law and present form of periodic table (Moseley, atomic number basis, 7 periods/18 groups), 3.4 Nomenclature of elements with Z>100, 3.5 Electronic configuration and types of elements: s-, p-, d-, f-block (blocks, group/period/block identification)

Topics covered

8.1/8.2 quick recap (discovery history, Schleiden, Schwann); 8.3 An Overview of Cell (eukaryotic vs prokaryotic, nucleus, organelles, ribosomes, centrosome, cytoplasm/cytosol/protoplasm, metabolic reactions); cell size and shape (Mycoplasma, RBC, nerve cell, ostrich egg, Fig 8.1 shapes); start of 8.4 Prokaryotic Cells (features, Mycoplasma, shapes bacillus/coccus/vibrio/spirillum, overview diagram of cell envelope, mesosome, ribosome/polysome).

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy - subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP 5 in same folder): taxon vs category, species as basic unit, synthetic categories, hierarchy species to kingdom (1.2 Taxonomic Categories 1.2.1-1.2.7), examples Potato/Datura/Brinjal, Solanaceae/Convolvulaceae-Polymoniales, Phylum vs Division

Topics covered

Integration as area/sum, indefinite and definite integration, power rule (n != -1), integrals of sin, cos, e^x, 1/x, (ax+b)^n, integration limits, trigonometric limits, kinematics via integration (v=u+int a dt, s=int v dt)

Topics covered

What is Cell?, Cell Theory

Topics covered

content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only (and DPP 2 in same folder): 3.2 Genesis of periodic classification: Mendeleev periodic table, periodic law, predictions (eka-silicon/Germanium), anomalies (Ar-K), hydrogen position; Newlands octaves limitation (Co/Ni, Fe placement)

Topics covered

1.1 Diversity in the Living World (intro, biodiversity, species concept, gene pool, reproductive isolation, habitats, conflict/cooperation, what is life); classification basics; taxonomy vs systematics; Ernst Mayr

Topics covered

Differentiation (calculus tool for kinematics) - content unclear/image-heavy — subtopics inferred from filename only

Topics covered

8.1 What is a Cell? (living vs non-living, cellular organisation, history: Hooke 1665, Leeuwenhoek, Robert Brown nucleus); 8.2 Cell Theory (Schleiden 1838, Schwann 1839, Virchow 1855 Omnis cellula e cellula, modern cell theory); NCERT text of 8.1 and 8.2 shown; side sketch on origin of cells (chemogeny/biogeny, protobiont/eobiont) - Class 12 Ch 6 6.1 touched only briefly.

Topics covered

3.1 Why do we need to classify elements; 3.2 Genesis of periodic classification: Lavoisier metals/non-metals, Prout hypothesis, Dobereiner triads, Newlands law of octaves and limitations; long-form modern periodic table and magic numbers (2,8,8,18,18,32) shown as intro; chapter introduction/weightage

Topics covered

Differentiation rules, slope of tangent, derivatives of x^n, trigonometric products and quotients; arithmetic and geometric progressions (inferred from DPP-4)

Topics covered

Degree-radian conversion, trigonometric ratios and identities, standard triplets (3-4-5, 7-24-25), ASTC rule and reduction formulae, addition/double/half-angle formulae, small-angle approximation (sin x ~ x)

Topics covered

1.1 Diversity in the Living World (animate vs inanimate, characteristics of life, biodiversity, ~1.7-1.8 million species, why classification needed); biological species concept (Ernst Mayr), reproductive isolation, gene pool, interspecific hybrids; extraordinary habitats; ecological conflict and cooperation; what is life; intro to classification, taxonomy (de Candolle), systematics (Linnaeus)

Topics covered

Logarithm properties (product/quotient/power/change of base), natural vs common log, binomial approximation (1+x)^n, applications to g at height h, intro to trigonometry (radian, degree, ratios, triplets)

Topics covered

No NCERT subtopics: course introduction, teacher intro (Swati Rathi), NEET chemistry weightage by unit (periodic table, bonding, coordination, d&f block, p-block, salt analysis; physical and organic topic-wise question distribution), study strategy

Topics covered

Introduction/1.1 Diversity in the Living World (biology as science of life forms; anthropocentric view; deification of inanimate/animate; identification-nomenclature-classification; horizontal and vertical similarities; conservation of biodiversity); Ernst Mayr biography and biological species concept

Topics covered

Rule of power, roots, fractions, common algebraic identities, mensuration formulas (2D/3D), quadratic equation, logarithms, binomial approximation; plus intro to studying physics/NEET strategy